EzCatDB: S00205
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DB codeS00205
RLCP classification1.30.36020.973 : Hydrolysis
CATH domainDomain 13.20.20.80 : TIM BarrelCatalytic domain
E.C.3.2.1.21
CSA1cbg

CATH domainRelated DB codes (homologues)
3.20.20.80 : TIM BarrelS00202,S00210,S00748,S00906,S00907,S00911,S00912,S00915,M00134,M00160,D00479,S00204,S00206,S00207,S00203,S00208,S00209,S00211,S00213,S00214,M00113,T00307,D00165,D00166,D00169,D00176,D00501,D00502,D00503,D00844,D00861,D00864,M00026,M00112,M00193,M00346,T00057,T00062,T00063,T00066,T00067

Enzyme Name
UniProtKBKEGG

P22073Q03506P26205P49235
Protein nameBeta-glucosidase ABeta-glucosidaseCyanogenic beta-glucosidaseBeta-glucosidase, chloroplasticbeta-glucosidase
gentiobiase
cellobiase
emulsin
elaterase
aryl-beta-glucosidase
beta-D-glucosidase
beta-glucoside glucohydrolase
arbutinase
amygdalinase
p-nitrophenyl beta-glucosidase
primeverosidase
amygdalase
limarase
salicilinase
beta-1,6-glucosidase
SynonymsBGA
EC 3.2.1.21
Gentiobiase
Cellobiase
Beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase
Amygdalase
EC 3.2.1.21
Gentiobiase
Cellobiase
Beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase
Amygdalase
EC 3.2.1.21
Linamarase
EC 3.2.1.21
Gentiobiase
Cellobiase
Beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase
RefSeq


NP_001105454.1 (Protein)
NM_001111984.1 (DNA/RNA sequence)
PfamPF00232 (Glyco_hydro_1)
[Graphical view]
PF00232 (Glyco_hydro_1)
[Graphical view]
PF00232 (Glyco_hydro_1)
[Graphical view]
PF00232 (Glyco_hydro_1)
[Graphical view]
CAZyGH1 (Glycoside Hydrolase Family)
GH1 (Glycoside Hydrolase Family)
GH1 (Glycoside Hydrolase Family)
GH1 (Glycoside Hydrolase Family)

KEGG pathways
MAP codePathways
MAP00460Cyanoamino acid metabolism
MAP00500Starch and sucrose metabolism
MAP00940Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis

UniProtKB:Accession NumberP22073Q03506P26205P49235
Entry nameBGLA_PAEPOBGLA_BACCIBGLT_TRIRPBGLC_MAIZE
ActivityHydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D- glucose residues with release of beta-D-glucose.Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D- glucosyl residues with release of beta-D-glucose.Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D- glucose residues with release of beta-D-glucose.Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D- glucose residues with release of beta-D-glucose.
SubunitHomooctamer.
Homodimer.Homodimer.
Subcellular location


Plastid, chloroplast.
Cofactor




Compound table: links to PDB-related databases & PoSSuM

SubstratesProductsintermediates
KEGG-idC00963C00001C00963C00221
Compoundbeta-D-GlucosideH2Obeta-D-Glucosidebeta-D-GlucoseTransition-state in deglycosylation
TypecarbohydrateH2Ocarbohydratecarbohydrate
ChEBI
15377

15903

PubChem
962
22247451

64689

             
1bgaAUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1bgaBUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1bgaCUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1bgaDUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1bggAUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1bggBUnbound UnboundAnalogue:GCO 
1bggCUnbound UnboundAnalogue:GCO 
1bggDUnbound UnboundAnalogue:GCO 
1tr1AUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1tr1BUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1tr1CUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1tr1DUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxAUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxBUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxCUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxDUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxEUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxFUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxGUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxHUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxIUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxJUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxKUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxLUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxMUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxNUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxOUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1qoxPUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1cbgAUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1e1eAUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1e1eBUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1e1fAAnalogue:PSG UnboundUnbound 
1e1fBAnalogue:PSG UnboundUnbound 
1e4lAUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1e4lBUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1e4nAUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1e4nBUnbound UnboundUnbound 
1e55AUnbound Analogue:GLC-DHRUnbound 
1e55BUnbound Analogue:GLC-DHRUnbound 
1e56AUnbound Analogue:GLC-HBOUnbound 
1e56BUnbound UnboundUnboundTansition-state-analogue:GLC-HBO

Active-site residues
pdbCatalytic residuescomment
          
1bgaAHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1bgaBHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1bgaCHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1bgaDHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1bggAHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1bggBHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1bggCHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1bggDHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1tr1AHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1tr1BHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1tr1CHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1tr1DHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 352
 
1qoxAHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxBHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxCHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxDHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxEHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxFHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxGHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxHHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxIHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxJHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxKHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxLHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxMHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxNHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxOHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1qoxPHIS 121;GLU 166;TYR 296;GLU 355
 
1cbgAHIS 137;GLU 183;TYR 326;GLU 397
 
1e1eAHIS 142;GLU 191;TYR 333;GLU 406
 
1e1eBHIS 142;GLU 191;TYR 333;GLU 406
 
1e1fAHIS 142;GLU 191;TYR 333;GLU 406
 
1e1fBHIS 142;GLU 191;TYR 333;GLU 406
 
1e4lAHIS 142;       ;TYR 333;GLU 406
mutant E191D
1e4lBHIS 142;       ;TYR 333;GLU 406
mutant E191D
1e4nAHIS 142;       ;TYR 333;GLU 406
mutant E191D
1e4nBHIS 142;       ;TYR 333;GLU 406
mutant E191D
1e55AHIS 142;       ;TYR 333;GLU 406
mutant E191D
1e55BHIS 142;       ;TYR 333;GLU 406
mutant E191D
1e56AHIS 142;       ;TYR 333;GLU 406
mutant E191D
1e56BHIS 142;       ;TYR 333;GLU 406
mutant E191D

References for Catalytic Mechanism
ReferencesSectionsNo. of steps in catalysis
[9]

[10]

[14]Scheme 1
[15]p.17175-17176
[16]Fig.8
[20]p.495-500
[33]

[34]


references
[1]
PubMed ID1367638
JournalEnzyme Microb Technol
Year1991
Volume13
Pages547-53
AuthorsCantarella M, Cantarella L, Alfani F
TitleHydrolytic reactions in two-phase systems. Effect of water-immiscible organic solvents on stability and activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, and beta-fructofuranosidase.
[2]
PubMed ID1714449
JournalJ Biol Chem
Year1991
Volume266
Pages15021-7
AuthorsFabbro D, Grabowski GA
TitleHuman acid beta-glucosidase. Use of inhibitory and activating monoclonal antibodies to investigate the enzyme's catalytic mechanism and saposin A and C binding sites.
[3]
PubMed ID8477701
JournalEur J Biochem
Year1993
Volume213
Pages305-12
AuthorsKengen SW, Luesink EJ, Stams AJ, Zehnder AJ
TitlePurification and characterization of an extremely thermostable beta-glucosidase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus.
[4]
PubMed ID7986074
JournalArch Biochem Biophys
Year1994
Volume315
Pages323-30
AuthorsKeresztessy Z, Kiss L, Hughes MA
TitleInvestigation of the active site of the cyanogenic beta-D-glucosidase (linamarase) from Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava). II. Identification of Glu-198 as an active site carboxylate group with acid catalytic function.
[5]
PubMed ID7944386
JournalArch Biochem Biophys
Year1994
Volume314
Pages142-52
AuthorsKeresztessy Z, Kiss L, Hughes MA
TitleInvestigation of the active site of the cyanogenic beta-D-glucosidase (linamarase) from Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava). I. Evidence for an essential carboxylate and a reactive histidine residue in a single catalytic center.
[6]
PubMed ID8028010
JournalJ Mol Biol
Year1994
Volume240
Pages267-70
AuthorsSanz-Aparicio J, Romero A, Martinez-Ripoll M, Madarro A, Flors A, Polaina J
TitleCrystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a type I beta-glucosidase encoded by the bgIA gene of Bacillus polymyxa.
[7]
PubMed ID8588743
JournalArch Microbiol
Year1995
Volume164
Pages414-9
AuthorsRath J, Messner R, Kosma P, Altmann F, Marz L, Kubicek CP
TitleThe alpha-D-mannan core of a complex cell-wall heteroglycan of Trichoderma reesei is responsible for beta-glucosidase activation.
[8]
PubMed ID8519777
JournalBiochemistry
Year1995
Volume34
Pages16194-202
AuthorsNamchuk MN, Withers SG
TitleMechanism of Agrobacterium beta-glucosidase: kinetic analysis of the role of noncovalent enzyme/substrate interactions.
[9]
PubMed ID7578061
JournalBiochemistry
Year1995
Volume34
Pages14554-62
AuthorsWang Q, Trimbur D, Graham R, Warren RA, Withers SG
TitleIdentification of the acid/base catalyst in Agrobacterium faecalis beta-glucosidase by kinetic analysis of mutants.
[10]
CommentsX-ray crystallography (2.15 angstroms).
Medline ID96097401
PubMed ID8535788
JournalStructure
Year1995
Volume3
Pages951-60
AuthorsBarrett T, Suresh CG, Tolley SP, Dodson EJ, Hughes MA
TitleThe crystal structure of a cyanogenic beta-glucosidase from white clover, a family 1 glycosyl hydrolase.
Related PDB1cbg
Related UniProtKBP26205
[11]
PubMed ID9636318
JournalBiotechnology (N Y)
Year1996
Volume14
Pages88-91
AuthorsFischer L, Bromann R, Kengen SW, de Vos WM, Wagner F
TitleCatalytical potency of beta-glucosidase from the extremophile Pyrococcus furiosus in glucoconjugate synthesis.
[12]
PubMed ID9214768
JournalBiosci Biotechnol Biochem
Year1997
Volume61
Pages1033-5
AuthorsNunoura N, Fujita T, Ohdan K, Kirihata M, Yamamoto K, Kumagai H
TitleStructural analysis of disaccharides synthesized by beta-D-glucosidase of Bifidobacterium breve clb and their assimilation by Bifidobacteria.
[13]
PubMed ID9657966
JournalBiochem J
Year1998
Volume333
Pages275-83
AuthorsDuroux L, Delmotte FM, Lancelin JM, Keravis G, Jay-Allemand C
TitleInsight into naphthoquinone metabolism: beta-glucosidase-catalysed hydrolysis of hydrojuglone beta-D-glucopyranoside.
[14]
PubMed ID9461511
JournalBiochem J
Year1998
Volume330
Pages203-9
AuthorsLawson SL, Warren RA, Withers SG
TitleMechanistic consequences of replacing the active-site nucleophile Glu-358 in Agrobacterium sp. beta-glucosidase with a cysteine residue.
[15]
PubMed ID9860830
JournalBiochemistry
Year1998
Volume37
Pages17170-8
AuthorsBauer MW, Kelly RM
TitleThe family 1 beta-glucosidases from Pyrococcus furiosus and Agrobacterium faecalis share a common catalytic mechanism.
[16]
PubMed ID9630531
JournalBiochim Biophys Acta
Year1998
Volume1385
Pages78-88
AuthorsWatt DK, Ono H, Hayashi K
TitleAgrobacterium tumefaciens beta-glucosidase is also an effective beta-xylosidase, and has a high transglycosylation activity in the presence of alcohols.
[17]
PubMed ID9845479
JournalBiol Trace Elem Res
Year1998
Volume64
Pages247-58
AuthorsSreekala M, Lalitha K
TitleSelenium-mediated differential response of beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase of germinating Trigonella foenum-graecum.
[18]
PubMed ID9468315
JournalFEBS Lett
Year1998
Volume421
Pages243-8
AuthorsMontero E, Vallmitjana M, Perez-Pons JA, Querol E, Jimenez-Barbero J, Canada FJ
TitleNMR studies of the conformation of thiocellobiose bound to a beta-glucosidase from Streptomyces sp.
[19]
PubMed ID9857024
JournalJ Biol Chem
Year1998
Volume273
Pages34941-8
AuthorsHays WS, VanderJagt DJ, Bose B, Serianni AS, Glew RH
TitleCatalytic mechanism and specificity for hydrolysis and transglycosylation reactions of cytosolic beta-glucosidase from guinea pig liver.
[20]
CommentsX-ray crystallography (2.4 angstroms).
Medline ID98139963
PubMed ID9466926
JournalJ Mol Biol
Year1998
Volume275
Pages491-502
AuthorsSanz-Aparicio J, Hermoso JA, Martinez-Ripoll M, Lequerica JL, Polaina J
TitleCrystal structure of beta-glucosidase A from Bacillus polymyxa: insights into the catalytic activity in family 1 glycosyl hydrolases.
Related PDB1bga,1bgg,1tr1
Related UniProtKBP22073
[21]
PubMed ID9849940
JournalProteins
Year1998
Volume33
Pages567-76
AuthorsSanz-Aparicio J, Hermoso JA, Martinez-Ripoll M, Gonzalez B, Lopez-Camacho C, Polaina J
TitleStructural basis of increased resistance to thermal denaturation induced by single amino acid substitution in the sequence of beta-glucosidase A from Bacillus polymyxa.
[22]
PubMed ID10467123
JournalBiotechnol Appl Biochem
Year1999
Volume30
Pages81-7
AuthorsLin J, Pillay B, Singh S
TitlePurification and biochemical characteristics of beta-D-glucosidase from a thermophilic fungus, Thermomyces lanuginosus-SSBP.
[23]
PubMed ID10583402
JournalEur J Biochem
Year1999
Volume266
Pages1056-65
AuthorsRotrekl V, Nejedla E, Kucera I, Abdallah F, Palme K, Brzobohaty B
TitleThe role of cysteine residues in structure and enzyme activity of a maize beta-glucosidase.
[24]
PubMed ID10737327
JournalGlycoconj J
Year1999
Volume16
Pages415-23
AuthorsKono H, Kawano S, Tajima K, Erata T, Takai M
TitleStructural analyses of new tri- and tetrasaccharides produced from disaccharides by transglycosylation of purified Trichoderma viride beta-glucosidase.
[25]
PubMed ID10736164
JournalBiochemistry
Year2000
Volume39
Pages3656-65
AuthorsLebbink JH, Kaper T, Bron P, van der Oost J, de Vos WM
TitleImproving low-temperature catalysis in the hyperthermostable Pyrococcus furiosus beta-glucosidase CelB by directed evolution.
[26]
PubMed ID11828410
JournalChembiochem
Year2000
Volume1
Pages177-80
AuthorsHansen SU, Plesner IW, Bols M
TitleDirect NMR-spectroscopic determination of active-enzyme concentration by titration with a labeled inhibitor: determination of the k(cat) value of almond beta-glucosidase.
[27]
PubMed ID11052758
JournalJ Agric Food Chem
Year2000
Volume48
Pages4929-36
AuthorsDecker CH, Visser J, Schreier P
Titlebeta-glucosidases from five black Aspergillus species: study of their physico-chemical and biocatalytic properties.
[28]
PubMed ID10871610
JournalJ Biol Chem
Year2000
Volume275
Pages28843-8
AuthorsArrizubieta MJ, Polaina J
TitleIncreased thermal resistance and modification of the catalytic properties of a beta-glucosidase by random mutagenesis and in vitro recombination.
[29]
CommentsX-ray crystallography (2.7 Angstroms)
PubMed ID10675298
JournalJ Struct Biol
Year2000
Volume129
Pages69-79
AuthorsHakulinen N, Paavilainen S, Korpela T, Rouvinen J
TitleThe Crystal Structure of Beta-Glucosidase from Bacillus Circulans Sp. Alkalophilus: Ability to Form Long Polymeric Assemblies.
Related PDB1qox
[30]
CommentsX-ray crystallography (2.0-2.2 Angstroms)
PubMed ID11106394
JournalProc Nat Acad Sci USA
Year2000
Volume97
Pages13555-13560
AuthorsCzjzek M, Cicek M, Zamboni V, Bevan DR, Henrissat B, Esen A
TitleThe Mechanism of Substrate (Aglycone) Specificity in Beta-Glucosidases is Revealed by Crystal Structures of Mutant Maize Beta-Glucosidase-Dimboa,-Dimboaglc, and-Dhurrin Complexes.
Related PDB1e4l,1e4n,1e55,1e56
[31]
CommentsX-ray crystallography (2.5 Angstroms)
PubMed ID11171077
JournalBiochem J
Year2001
Volume354
Pages37-46
AuthorsCzjzek M, Cicek M, Zamboni V, Burmeister WP, Bevan DR, Henrissat B, Esen A
TitleCrystal Structure of a Monocotyledon (Maize Zmglu1) Beta-Glucosidase and a Model of its Complex with P-Nitrophenyl Beta-D-Thioglucoside.
Related PDB1e1e,1e1f
[32]
PubMed ID11115405
JournalBiochem J
Year2001
Volume353
Pages117-127
AuthorsParry NJ, Beever DE, Owen E, Vandenberghe I, Van Beeumen J, Bhat MK
TitleBiochemical characterization and mechanism of action of a thermostable beta-glucosidase purified from Thermoascus aurantiacus.
[33]
Commentscatalysis, kinetics
PubMed ID11352732
JournalBiochemistry
Year2001
Volume40
Pages5975-82
AuthorsVallmitjana M, Ferrer-Navarro M, Planell R, Abel M, Ausin C, Querol E, Planas A, Perez-Pons JA
TitleMechanism of the family 1 beta-glucosidase from Streptomyces sp: catalytic residues and kinetic studies.
[34]
PubMed ID11342030
JournalBiochim Biophys Acta
Year2001
Volume1545
Pages41-52
AuthorsMarana SR, Jacobs-Lorena M, Terra WR, Ferreira C
TitleAmino acid residues involved in substrate binding and catalysis in an insect digestive beta-glycosidase.
[35]
PubMed ID11520685
JournalInsect Biochem Mol Biol
Year2001
Volume31
Pages1065-76
AuthorsFerreira AH, Marana SR, Terra WR, Ferreira C
TitlePurification, molecular cloning, and properties of a beta-glycosidase isolated from midgut lumen of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera) larvae.
[36]
PubMed ID11706179
JournalPlant Physiol
Year2001
Volume127
Pages973-85
AuthorsZouhar J, Vevodova J, Marek J, Damborsky J, Su XD, Brzobohaty B
TitleInsights into the functional architecture of the catalytic center of a maize beta-glucosidase Zm-p60.1.
[37]
PubMed ID12450115
JournalBiosci Biotechnol Biochem
Year2002
Volume66
Pages2060-7
AuthorsFukuda K, Mori H, Okuyama M, Kimura A, Ozaki H, Yoneyama M, Chiba S
TitleIdentification of essential ionizable groups and evaluation of subsite affinities in the active site of beta-D-glucosidase F1 from a Streptomyces sp.
[38]
PubMed ID12363364
JournalBiotechnol Prog
Year2002
Volume18
Pages1104-8
AuthorsMaugard T, Enaud E, de la Sayette A, Choisy P, Legoy MD
TitleBeta-glucosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of indican from leaves of Polygonum tinctorium.

comments
This enzyme belongs to the family-1 of glycosidase enzymes, a member family of 4/7 superfamily, which has got the catalytic residues at the C-terminal ends of beta-4 and beta-7 on the (alpha/beta)8 barrel fold.
According to the literature [10] & [20], Glu352 and Glu166 (of PDB;1bgaA) act as a nucleophile and an acid-base, respectively. Moreover, the literature suggested that His121 might stabilize the transition-state, and that Tyr296 modulates the pKa and the activity of the nucleophile, Glu352.

createdupdated
2003-12-052009-03-17
Copyright: Nozomi Nagano, JST & CBRC-AIST
Funded by PRESTO/Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) (December 2001 - November 2004)
Funded by Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (April 2005 - March 2006)
Funded by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (April 2005 - March 2008)
Funded by BIRD/Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) (September 2005 - September 2008)
Funded by BIRD/Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) (October 2007 - September 2010)
Funded by Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (April 2011 - March 2012)
Funded by Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (April 2012 - March 2013)
Supported by the commission for the Development of Artificial Gene Synthesis Technology for Creating Innovative Biomaterial from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) (October 2012 - )
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