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KEGG pathways | MAP code | Pathways |
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MAP00620 | Pyruvate metabolism | MAP00710 | Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms | MAP00720 | Reductive carboxylate cycle (CO2 fixation) |
UniProtKB:Accession Number | P00864 | P04711 |
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Entry name | CAPP_ECOLI | CAPP1_MAIZE |
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Activity | Phosphate + oxaloacetate = H(2)O + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO(2). | Phosphate + oxaloacetate = H(2)O + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO(2). |
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Subunit | Homotetramer. | Homotetramer. |
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Subcellular location |
| Cytoplasm. |
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Cofactor |
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References for Catalytic Mechanism | References | Sections | No. of steps in catalysis |
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[1] | SCHEME 2 | 2 | [4] | Fig.9, p.345346 | 3 | [11] | Scheme 2 |
| [14] | Scheme 1 | 2 | [16] | Fig.3 |
| [17] | Fig.5 |
| [24] | Fig.3B, p.96 | 3 | [27] | Fig.5, p.1725-1728 | 5 | [28] | Fig.4, p.176 | 5 |
references | [1] |
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PubMed ID | 7174666 |
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Journal | J Biol Chem |
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Year | 1982 |
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Volume | 257 |
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Pages | 14795-8 |
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Authors | Hansen DE, Knowles JR |
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Title | The stereochemical course at phosphorus of the reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. |
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[2] |
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PubMed ID | 4014670 |
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Journal | Anal Biochem |
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Year | 1985 |
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Volume | 145 |
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Pages | 393-7 |
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Authors | Hatch MD, Heldt HW |
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Title | Synthesis, storage, and stability of [4-14C]oxaloacetic acid. |
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[3] |
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PubMed ID | 3085590 |
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Journal | Arch Biochem Biophys |
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Year | 1986 |
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Volume | 246 |
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Pages | 546-53 |
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Authors | Podesta FE, Iglesias AA, Andreo CS |
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Title | Modification of an essential amino group of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from maize leaves by pyridoxal phosphate and by pyridoxal phosphate-sensitized photooxidation. |
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[4] |
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PubMed ID | 3091111 |
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Journal | Biosci Rep |
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Year | 1986 |
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Volume | 6 |
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Pages | 335-47 |
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Authors | Rubio V |
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Title | Enzymatic HCO3- fixation: a common mechanism for all enzymes involved? |
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[5] |
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PubMed ID | 3519602 |
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Journal | J Biochem (Tokyo) |
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Year | 1986 |
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Volume | 99 |
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Pages | 1299-310 |
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Authors | Ishijima S, Izui K, Katsuki H |
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Title | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of Escherichia coli K-12. N- and C-terminal sequences and tentative assignment of the catalytically essential cysteine residue. |
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[6] |
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PubMed ID | 3111298 |
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Journal | Anal Biochem |
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Year | 1987 |
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Volume | 162 |
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Pages | 358-62 |
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Authors | O'Leary MH, Hermes JD |
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Title | Determination of substrate specificity of carboxylases by nuclear magnetic resonance. |
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[7] |
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PubMed ID | 3569281 |
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Journal | Eur J Biochem |
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Year | 1987 |
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Volume | 164 |
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Pages | 661-6 |
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Authors | Wagner R, Gonzalez DH, Podesta FE, Andreo CS |
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Title | Changes in the quaternary structure of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase induced by ionic strength affect its catalytic activity. |
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[8] |
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PubMed ID | 3240340 |
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Journal | Biochemistry |
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Year | 1988 |
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Volume | 27 |
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Pages | 1342-7 |
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Authors | Sikkema KD, O'Leary MH |
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Title | Synthesis and study of phosphoenolthiopyruvate. |
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[9] |
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PubMed ID | 3365391 |
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Journal | Biochemistry |
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Year | 1988 |
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Volume | 27 |
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Pages | 1355-60 |
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Authors | Wirsching P, O'Leary MH |
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Title | 1-Carboxyallenyl phosphate, an allenic analogue of phosphoenolpyruvate. |
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[10] |
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PubMed ID | 3365390 |
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Journal | Biochemistry |
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Year | 1988 |
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Volume | 27 |
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Pages | 1348-55 |
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Authors | Wirsching P, O'Leary MH |
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Title | (Z)-3-(fluoromethyl)phosphoenolpyruvate: synthesis and enzymatic studies. |
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[11] |
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PubMed ID | 3360012 |
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Journal | Eur J Biochem |
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Year | 1988 |
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Volume | 173 |
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Pages | 339-43 |
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Authors | Gonzalez DH, Andreo CS |
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Title | Stereoselectivity of the interaction of E- and Z-2-phosphoenolbutyrate with maize leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. |
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[12] |
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PubMed ID | 2453360 |
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Journal | Eur J Biochem |
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Year | 1988 |
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Volume | 173 |
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Pages | 561-8 |
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Authors | Wagner R, Podesta FE, Gonzalez DH, Andreo CS |
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Title | Proximity between fluorescent probes attached to four essential lysyl residues in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. A resonance energy transfer study. |
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[13] |
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Comments | CRYSTALLIZATION. |
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Medline ID | 90012219 |
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PubMed ID | 2677392 |
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Journal | J Mol Biol |
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Year | 1989 |
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Volume | 208 |
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Pages | 509-10 |
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Authors | Inoue M, Hayashi M, Sugimoto M, Harada S, Kai Y, Kasai N, Terada K, Izui K |
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Title | First crystallization of a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Escherichia coli. |
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Related UniProtKB | P00864 |
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[14] |
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Comments | MUTAGENESIS OF HIS-138. |
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Medline ID | 92111527 |
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PubMed ID | 1765093 |
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Journal | Eur J Biochem |
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Year | 1991 |
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Volume | 202 |
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Pages | 797-803 |
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Authors | Terada K, Izui K |
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Title | Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved histidine residue of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. His138 is essential for the second partial reaction. |
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Related UniProtKB | P00864 |
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[15] |
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Comments | MUTAGENESIS OF HIS-579. |
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Medline ID | 91201285 |
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PubMed ID | 2016273 |
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Journal | J Biochem (Tokyo) |
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Year | 1991 |
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Volume | 109 |
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Pages | 49-54 |
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Authors | Terada K, Murata T, Izui K |
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Title | Site-directed mutagenesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from E. coli: the role of His579 in the catalytic and regulatory functions. |
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Related UniProtKB | P00864 |
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[16] |
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PubMed ID | 1321659 |
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Journal | Biochemistry |
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Year | 1992 |
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Volume | 31 |
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Pages | 6441-6 |
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Authors | Janc JW, Cleland WW, O'Leary MH |
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Title | Mechanistic studies of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Zea mays utilizing formate as an alternate substrate for bicarbonate. |
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[17] |
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PubMed ID | 1633157 |
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Journal | Biochemistry |
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Year | 1992 |
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Volume | 31 |
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Pages | 6432-40 |
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Authors | Janc JW, Urbauer JL, O'Leary MH, Cleland WW |
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Title | Mechanistic studies of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Zea mays with (Z)- and (E)-3-fluorophosphoenolpyruvate as substrates. |
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[18] |
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PubMed ID | 7851427 |
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Journal | Eur J Biochem |
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Year | 1995 |
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Volume | 227 |
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Pages | 488-93 |
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Authors | Rollin C, Morgant V, Guyonvarch A, Guerquin-Kern JL |
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Title | 13C-NMR studies of Corynebacterium melassecola metabolic pathways. |
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[19] |
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Comments | MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-587. |
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Medline ID | 96104989 |
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PubMed ID | 7490260 |
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Journal | J Biochem (Tokyo) |
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Year | 1995 |
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Volume | 117 |
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Pages | 1196-200 |
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Authors | Yano M, Terada K, Umiji K, Izui K |
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Title | Catalytic role of an arginine residue in the highly conserved and unique sequence of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. |
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Related UniProtKB | P00864 |
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[20] |
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PubMed ID | 7768910 |
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Journal | J Biol Chem |
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Year | 1995 |
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Volume | 270 |
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Pages | 13147-59 |
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Authors | Dieuaide-Noubhani M, Raffard G, Canioni P, Pradet A, Raymond P |
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Title | Quantification of compartmented metabolic fluxes in maize root tips using isotope distribution from 13C- or 14C-labeled glucose. |
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[21] |
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PubMed ID | 9095558 |
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Journal | Biosci Biotechnol Biochem |
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Year | 1997 |
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Volume | 61 |
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Pages | 545-6 |
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Authors | Dong LY, Hata S, Izui K |
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Title | High-level expression of maize C4-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Escherichia coli and its rapid purification. |
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[22] |
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PubMed ID | 9522466 |
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Journal | Plant Cell Physiol |
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Year | 1997 |
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Volume | 38 |
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Pages | 1340-5 |
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Authors | Dong LY, Ueno Y, Hata S, Izui K |
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Title | Effects of site-directed mutagenesis of conserved Lys606 residue on catalytic and regulatory functions of maize C4-form phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. |
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[23] |
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PubMed ID | 10525297 |
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Journal | Arch Biochem Biophys |
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Year | 1999 |
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Volume | 371 |
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Pages | 124-8 |
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Authors | Dong L, Patil S, Condon SA, Haas EJ, Chollet R |
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Title | The conserved C-terminal tetrapeptide of sorghum C(4) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is indispensable for maximal catalytic activity, but not for homotetramer formation. |
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[24] |
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PubMed ID | 10481043 |
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Journal | FEBS Lett |
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Year | 1999 |
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Volume | 458 |
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Pages | 93-6 |
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Authors | Matsumura H, Terada M, Shirakata S, Inoue T, Yoshinaga T, Izui K, Kai Y |
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Title | Plausible phosphoenolpyruvate binding site revealed by 2.6 A structure of Mn2+-bound phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Escherichia coli. |
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Related PDB | 1qb4 |
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[25] |
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Comments | X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.8 ANGSTROMS). |
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Medline ID | 99128321 |
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PubMed ID | 9927652 |
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Journal | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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Year | 1999 |
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Volume | 96 |
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Pages | 823-8 |
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Authors | Kai Y, Matsumura H, Inoue T, Terada K, Nagara Y, Yoshinaga T, Kihara A, Tsumura K, Izui K |
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Title | Three-dimensional structure of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: a proposed mechanism for allosteric inhibition. |
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Related PDB | 1fiy |
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Related UniProtKB | P00864 |
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[26] |
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PubMed ID | 12366798 |
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Journal | Plant J |
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Year | 2002 |
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Volume | 32 |
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Pages | 25-39 |
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Authors | Rademacher T, Hausler RE, Hirsch HJ, Zhang L, Lipka V, Weier D, Kreuzaler F, Peterhansel C |
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Title | An engineered phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase redirects carbon and nitrogen flow in transgenic potato plants. |
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[27] |
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PubMed ID | 12467579 |
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Journal | Structure (Camb) |
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Year | 2002 |
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Volume | 10 |
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Pages | 1721-30 |
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Authors | Matsumura H, Xie Y, Shirakata S, Inoue T, Yoshinaga T, Ueno Y, Izui K, Kai Y |
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Title | Crystal structures of C4 form maize and quaternary complex of E. coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases. |
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Related PDB | 1jqn,1jqo |
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[28] |
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PubMed ID | 12781768 |
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Journal | Arch Biochem Biophys |
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Year | 2003 |
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Volume | 414 |
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Pages | 170-9 |
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Authors | Kai Y, Matsumura H, Izui K |
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Title | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: three-dimensional structure and molecular mechanisms. |
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[29] |
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PubMed ID | 12781769 |
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Journal | Arch Biochem Biophys |
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Year | 2003 |
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Volume | 414 |
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Pages | 180-8 |
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Authors | Svensson P, Blasing OE, Westhoff P |
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Title | Evolution of C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. |
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[30] |
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PubMed ID | 12805637 |
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Journal | Plant Physiol |
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Year | 2003 |
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Volume | 132 |
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Pages | 1097-106 |
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Authors | Alvarez R, Garcia-Maurino S, Feria AB, Vidal J, Echevarria C |
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Title | A conserved 19-amino acid synthetic peptide from the carboxy terminus of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase inhibits the in vitro phosphorylation of the enzyme by the calcium-independent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase. |
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comments | According to the literature [27] & [28], this enzyme catalyzes the following reactions: (A) Transfer of phosphate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to oxygen atom of bicarbonate(CO2 + H2O = H2CO3); (B) Decarboxylation: Elimination of carboxyl group from carboxyphosphate intermediate (or elimination of phosphate group from carboxyphosphate intermediate); (C) Addition of negatively charged sp2 carbon atom of pyruvate to carbon dioxide (CO2); These reactions proceed as follows: (A) Transfer of phosphate from PEP to oxygen atom of bicarbonate (A1) The first substrate PEP is bound to Mg2++/Mn2++, which is bound to the sidechains of Glu566 and Asp603 (of PDB;1jqo). The second substrate, bicarbonate composed of CO2 and H2O, approaches the active site. (A2) The oxygen atom of bicarbonate makes a nucleophilic attack on the phosphate group of PEP. The negative charge of the transferred phosphate group is stabilized by the interaction with the divalent metal (Mg2+/Mn2+) and the positively charged residues, Arg456, Arg759 & Arg773. The divalent metal also interacts with the leaving pyruvate. (A3) The nucleophilic reaction gives pyruvate and carboxyphosphate intermediates, which are bound to the divalent metal. The carboxyphosphate intermediate is stabilized by His177. (B) Decarboxylation, or Elimination of phosphate group from carboxyphosphate intermediate; (B1) The divalent metal ion stabilizes the phosphate group of the intermediate through the interaction. (B2) His177 acts as a general base, to deprotonate the carboxyl group, leading to the elimination of the phosphate group, which is stabilized by Arg647. This reaction is also assisted by the hydrophobic pocket, which stabilizes the carboxyl group, or leaving CO2. (B3) His177 now acts as a general acid to protonate the eliminated phosphate. (C) Addition of negatively charged sp2 carbon atom of pyruvate to CO2; (C1) The liberated CO2 moves to another intermediate, pyruvate, which is bound to the divalent metal. (C2) The negatively charged C-3 atom makes a nucleophilic attack on the carbon atom of CO2, leading to the formation of the final product, oxaloacetate.
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created | updated |
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2004-07-15 | 2009-02-26 |
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